一． 不一致（disagreements）

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等．

例１． when one have money ,he can do what he want to .

(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)

剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致．

改为：once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

二． 修饰语错位（misplaced modifiers）

英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．例１． i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．

三． 句子不完整（sentence fragments）

在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．

例１． there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .

剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句．

改为：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.

四． 悬垂修饰语（dangling modifiers）

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了．

改为：

when i was ten, my grandfather died.

例１． to do well in college, good grades are essential.

剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚．

改为：

to do well in college, a student needs good grades.

五． 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)

“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．

例１． none can negative the importance of money.

剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。

改为：

none can deny the importance of money.

六． 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：

mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：

mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：

we can also know society by serving it ourselves.

七． 不间断句子(run-on sentences)

什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

例１． there are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。[fs:page]

改为：

there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：

there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside

world

八． 措词毛病(troubles in diction)

diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例１． the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。

改为：

the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

九． 累赘(redundancy)

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：

in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.

本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：in spite of his laziness, i like him.

例１． for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。

改为：

diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.

十． 不连贯(incoherence)

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。

例１． the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

剖析：the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。

改为：

fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

十一． 综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage)

所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。

例1．today, money to everybody is very importance, ours eat, cloth, live, go etc.

nowadays, computer has been an important part of peoples life. they can use computer to work and talk to their friends and families. as for me， i like shopping online. i can compare the price and then buy the best one. i will use my mothers cell phone to pay the bill. it is so convenient. online shopping saves a lot of time.

如今，电脑已经成为是人们生活的重要组成部分。人们可以使用电脑来工作，跟他们的朋友和家人聊天。我喜欢网上购物。我可以比较价格的高低然后买到最好的。我会用我妈妈的手机支付账单，这很方便。网上购物可以节省很多时间。

before i was five years old， my parents gave me what i wanted， but as i became bigger， they changed their attitude towards me. my parents no longer satisfy me with all i want. when i want to buy a new dress， my mother wont buy for me directly， she asks me to do something to exchange for it. such as doing the housework or making progress in the study. whats more， when i meet the difficulties， my parents wont solve them for me immediately， instead， they will leave me to think about them and help me to solve them. what my parents do to me is right， it is my road to grow up.

在我五岁以前，我的父母给予我想要的东西，但是随着我长大，他们对待我的态度发生了改变。我的父母不再满足我想要的一切。当我想要买一条新裙子，妈妈不会立刻买给我，她会要求我去做一些事情，以此来交换。比如做家务或者学习上有所进步。而且，当我遇到困难了，我的父母不会立刻帮我解决，相反地，他们让我自己思考问题，然后帮助我解决。父母对我做的是正确的，这是我的成长之路。

my school is tailan primary school, thats a good place，this is a beautiful school.

there are many flowers， many classrooms，many leaves, many offices, a large hall, a playground in our school, in the playground we can run and play.also there is a garden in my school， many flowers and trees in it, we often walk in the garden after lunch.

i like my school very much! do you like my school？