二、comma (，) 逗号、逗点

2、 comma (,) comma, comma

在英文里，逗号的用途有：

in english, commas are used for:

* 连接句子里不同的成份

*connect different elements in a sentence

* 分开句子里不同的成份

*separate the different parts of the sentence

* 突出句子里的某个成份

*highlight a component of a sentence

* 替代句子里的某个成份

*replace a component of a sentence

成份指：词、短语(phrase)、子句(clause)等。

components refer to words, phrases, clauses, etc.

2。1 连接句子里不同的成份

2. connect the different elements in a sentence

2。1。1 逗号用在以 and， but， for， nor， or， so， yet 等连接词的两个主要子句

2. 1. commas are used in the two main clauses with conjunctions such as and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet

之间：

between:

1。 my father is fond of fishing， but my mother prefers hiking。 (以 ，but 连

1. my father is fond of fishing， but my mother prefers hiking。 (with, but even

接两个子句)

followed by two clauses)

2。 he painted the exterior of the house， and she painted the interior。 (以

2. he painted the exterior of the house， and she painted the interior。 (in order to

，and 连接两个子句)

, and connect the two clauses)

2。2 分开句子里不同的成份

2. separate the different parts of the sentence

2。2。1 用逗号分开两个以上的并列形容词：(如果并列的形容词之间可加上and，

2. 2. use commas to separate more than two parallel adjectives: (if and can be added between the parallel adjectives,

but等，那就加上逗号；否则不可)

but wait, then add a comma; otherwise, you can't)

2。 she is a little and old lady。 (不可写成 she is a little， old lady。)

2. she is a little and old lady。 she is a little, old lady. )

2。2。2 在两个修饰主语的短语之间加上逗号(句短可不加)：

2. 2. 2. put a comma between the two phrases that modify the subject

1。 while waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night， she started

1. while waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night， she started

sneezing。 (主语she)

sneezing. (subject she)

2。 at 10 o"clock the bus arrived。 (不必写成 at 10 o"clock， the bus

2. at 10 o"clock the bus arrived。 (don't write at 10 o & quot; clock, the bus

arrived。)

arrived. )

2。2。3 在 jr。， sr。， esq。， ph。d。， f。r。s。， inc。， 等名称之前及后都要加上逗

2. 2. 3 in jr. sr. esq. ph. d. f. r. s. inc. before and after the name

号(除了所有格的名称):

number (except the name of possessive):

1。 they identified him as howard r。 williams， jr。， chairman of their board。

1. they identified him as howard r。 williams， jr。 ， chairman of their board。

(，jr。，)

(jr. )

2。 that is howard r。 williams， jr。"s company。 (，jr。"s 后面不可再加逗号)

2. that is howard r。 williams， jr。 "s company。 (jr. &no commas after quote; s)

2。2。4 在追问句之前加逗号：

2. 2. 4 add comma before the question:

1。 do it， won"t you? (do it 是命令语气，won"t you?是追问)

1. do it, won & quote; t you

2。 you know the answer， don"t you?

2. you know the answer， don"t you?

3。 it is warm today， isn"t it?

3. it is warm today， isn"t it?

2。2。5 一个以副词或副词短语开头的句子，如果它和前面的句子有关联的话，必

2. 2. a sentence that begins with an adverb or an adverb phrase, if it is related to the preceding sentence, must

须在有关副词或副词短语后加上逗号：

add a comma after the adverb or adverb phrase:

1。 she believed he had the talent to succeed。 unfortunately， he was lazy。

1. she believed he had the talent to succeed。 unfortunately， he was lazy。

(后一个句子以副词 unfortunately 开头，同时这个句子和前一个句子有直接的

(the last sentence begins with the adverb unfortunately, and this sentence has direct relation with the previous sentence

2。2。6

2. 2. six

在句子里有超过三个并列词或短语等，在最后一个，and， or， nor等

there are more than three coordinate words or phrases in the sentence, and, or, nor, etc

之前加逗号：

comma before:

1。 he promised to supply the pencils， pens， and notebooks for the class。

1. he promised to supply the pencils， pens， and notebooks for the class。

(简单说就是 pencils， pens， notebooks 要写成 pencils， pens， and notebooks)

(in short, pencils, pens, and notebooks)

2。

2.

her mother sells tomatoes， potatoes， apples， and peaches。 (。。。apples，

her mother sells tomatoes， potatoes， apples， and peaches。 (... apples,

and。。。)

and. )

3。

3.

she ran up the stairs， across the porch， and into the house。 (up the

she ran up the stairs， across the porch， and into the house。 (up the

staris， across the porch， into the house 是三个短语，在最后一个加 ，and)

staris, across the porch, into the house

4。

4.

we all agreed that she was beautiful， that she was intelligent， and

that she was ambitious。 (三个 that she was。。。都是子句 )

that she was ambitious。 (three that she was... all clauses)